Recent Papers

Survey of Hallucination Detection Methods for Large Language Models

Application of Intelligent Impact-Resistant Materials in the Field of Military Packaging

Military packaging plays a crucial practical role in the fields of military equipment support, military logistics, and the informatized battlefield. With the advancement of China's military equipment modernization, there is a more urgent demand for the advanced functionality, adaptability, diversity…

Large Earthquakes: a Way of Formation and Prediction

It is believed that the accumulation of small fractures (small earthquakes) in the crust is one of many ways for the formation of large fractures (large earthquakes). In such cases, the temporal variations in the accumulation number of small earthquakes can be used to predict future seismic activity…

AGNs in the Extremely Overdense Galaxy Region BOSS~1441: A Chandra Observation Postprint The discovery of galaxy protoclusters at high redshifts provides a unique opportunity to study the early evolution of galaxies and their central supermassive black holes in dense environments. In this study,...

We present a Chandra/ACIS-I study of X-ray sources in BOSS~1441, a protocluster at $z=2.32\pm0.02$ that exhibits a prominent overdensity of Ly$\alpha$ emitters (LAEs).Using a 45\,ks observation, we identify seven X-ray sources spatially coincident with LAE density peaks. The average X-ray photon ind…

Topological Fluctuation Series - 05 - The Nature of Black Holes

Based on the general principles of "Zong Yi Ning Qi" (宗漪凝契)—specifically the core framework of "topology as the root, wave as the soul, and the three identities across three realms"—this paper focuses on black holes as extreme spacetime celestial bodies to construct a unified mathematical model of "…

Order, Field, and Evolution: A Unified Model of Time, Space, and the Fate of the Universe

Based on the "Gravity-Pressure Model," this paper proposes a unified framework spanning philosophy and astrophysics, aiming to provide an integrative reinterpretation of the three fundamental concepts: time, space, and entropy. The model is constructed upon three mutually supporting pillars: First, …

From Singularity Elimination to Galactic Rotation—Quantum Gravity Effects with Logarithmic Corrections

Based on a unified non-perturbative quantum gravity framework, this paper systematically elaborates on the cross-scale universality of quantum gravity correction terms containing logarithmic components. At the microscopic scale of black holes, these terms dynamically resolve singularities through a …

Diversity-repeatability trade‑off governs hierarchical cell fate coding in multicellular development

Multicellular development in plants and animals gives rise to a rich spectrum of cell fates performing complex physiological functions. How these cells differentiate in concert from a single-celled zygote to collectively form tissues and organs across the whole body remains a fundamental question in…

Pinch instability: an alternative mechanism for pulsar coherent radio radiation

The provenance of the pulsed radio emissions emanating from pulsars has long been a subject of enduring and intricate perplexity. A common viewpoint posits that the production of this coherent radio radiation necessitates robust electric currents.Noting that pinch instability is likely to occur conc…

A generalized nonparametric classification method of small samples using Qc matrix

Objective: This study integrates the idea of QC matrix with generalized nonparametric classification method (GNPC), and extends GNPC to generalized sequential nonparametric classification method (seq-GNPC) that can be applied to graded scoring items, with a main focus on the problem of saturated mod…

Non-renormalizable Singularity Resolution and Black Hole Shadow Verification

This paper proposes a novel non-perturbative quantum gravity framework based on quantum topological structures. By introducing "quantum vortices" to characterize the topological order of statistical averages of microscopic particles and embedding the AdS/CFT holographic duality, black hole singulari…

The Transient Scaffold: A Longitudinal Eye-Tracking Study on the Dynamic Role of Interword Spacing in Chinese L2 Reading

While inserting spaces between words facilitates reading in Chinese as a Second Language (CSL) learners, it remains unclear whether this benefit is short-lived or enduring throughout the learning process. Using a longitudinal eye-tracking design, we tracked L1-English CSL learners across four stages…

Leadership Response Mechanisms to Employees' Generative AI Recommendations: A Multi-level Study from a Social Comparison Perspective

GenAI participation in organizational decision-making has become an unstoppable trend, yet academic research on GenAI advice adoption remains incomplete. In the leadership decision-making process, how do leaders compare employee advice, GenAI advice, and employee-GenAI team advice for adoption? What…

Leased items, urgent for their utility: How does the product acquisition mode influence consumers' propensity to sublease products?

Improving resource utilization and achieving sustainable social development are global concerns. However, no research has yet focused on the impact of product acquisition modes on consumers' product disposal tendencies. Through nine studies and one supplementary analysis, this paper identifies a nov…

Information-Theoretically Secure Trusted Verification Algorithm

Cryptography is the cornerstone of trusted computing. Currently, classical cryptographic systems are facing severe challenges from quantum computing. While post-quantum cryptography (PQC) can resist known quantum attacks, with the continuous development and maturation of quantum computing, the emerg…

Discussion on the Existence of Bedding Fractures under Stratigraphic Conditions Based on the Coupling Relationship between Multi-stage Stress Fields and Clastic Particle Contact

To clarify the existence of foliation fractures (including bedding fractures) under formation conditions in tectonically stable areas of sedimentary basins, reveal the differences between fractures observed in surface cores and real subsurface fracture systems, and guide the exploration of shale-typ…

Between Academic Theory and Governance: The Modern Formation of Chinese Psychology in the Early Twentieth Century (Postprint)

If academic logic treats psychology as a value-neutral "pure science," emphasizing the refinement of internal disciplinary institutions and the growth of objective knowledge, then governance logic regards it as a modern apparatus capable of scientifically explaining, calculating, disciplining, and e…

AI-Enabled Future Learning: Paradigm Reconstruction, Key Technologies, and Governance Challenges

Against the backdrop of artificial intelligence technology profoundly transforming various sectors of society, this research aims to systematically explore how AI reshapes the core paradigms, technical foundations, practical scenarios, and governance paths of future learning. Adopting methods of sys…

Research on Encrypted Broadcasting Protocols in Device-Cooperative Relay Environments

In large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) deployments, terminal nodes are often constrained by factors such as power consumption, cost, and installation location, preventing them from accessing the Internet directly and forcing them to rely on nearby devices to forward data. If the forwarding path lac…

Research on Scientific Integrity Issues and Solutions for Artificial Intelligence in Academic Writing

Abstract: [Objective] This study aims to systematically analyze the research integrity risks triggered by AI-assisted academic writing and propose corresponding countermeasures. [Methods] The manifestations of misconduct in AI-assisted writing and literature reviews are systematically summarized, an…

An 8-channel, 46-ps-precision TDC ASIC with improved vernier delay loop for STCF EMC

An 8-channel time-to-digital converter (TDC) with high precision and linearity designed for the electromagneticcalorimeter (EMC) in the Super Tau-charm Facility (STCF) is presented. A 3-level quantization structureis employed in the proposed TDC to achieve high time resolution and wide dynamic range…

Hydrochemical characteristics and transformation relationships between different water bodies in the Qixing Lake region of the Hobq Desert, China (Postprint)

Desert lakes are an important link in the water cycle and an important reservoir of water resources in arid and semi-arid areas, playing an important role in maintaining the stability of the regional natural environment. However, studies on the hydrochemical evolution and transformation relationship…

Determining groundwater-dependent ecological thresholds in the oasis–desert ecotone by exploring the linkage between plant communities and groundwater depth (Preprint)

The diversity and discontinuity of plant communities in the oasis–desert ecotone are largely shaped by variations in groundwater depth, yet the relationships between spatial distribution patterns and ecological niches at a regional scale remain insufficiently understood. This study examined the oasi…

Application Prospects and Risk Challenges of Large Language Models in the Maritime Field

The advent of large language models represents a new revolution in information technology, and their application will bring new vitality to various industries. This paper focuses on the application of large models in the maritime field, proposing the application prospects as well as the risks and ch…

Opportunity or Threat? A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Human-AI Collaborative Systems on Employee Work Effectiveness

The rapid development of artificial intelligence has profoundly transformed social structures and production models, and its application within organizations and its impact on employee work effectiveness have garnered close attention from scholars. To explore the impact of human-AI collaboration sys…

Fractal Dimension, Cohaesal and Imaginary Dimension

Numerous irregular and fragmented complex forms in nature can be effectively generated and described by fractal geometry through self-similar iteration. However, fractal self-similarity in nature is limited to a specific scale range, with a clear scale boundary. An imaginary dimensional cohaesal ite…

Vacuum: Candidate for Ether

Physical space is the only medium for light propagation; air, water, glass, etc., are not. Atomic nuclei within these “medium” curve the surrounding physical space, causing photons to follow curved trajectories at the microscopic level during propagation. Meanwhile, the light speed (magnitude) remai…

Research Progress on the Application of Neuromuscular Training Nursing in Spasmodic Torticollis

Spasmodic torticollis, as a form of focal dystonia, severely impacts the quality of life of patients. This review focuses on the progress of applying neuromuscular training nursing in spasmodic torticollis. Through a comprehensive analysis of relevant studies, it elucidates the mechanisms and practi…

Quantum Analysis of Discrete Radiation Frequencies in a Resonate Cavity

According to Planck’s law, the energy density for photons with radiation frequency $f$ is based on the assumption that the photons’ frequency has a continuous distribution, with an infinitesimal frequency interval $df$ approaching zero. By integrating over the continuous frequencies, the energy dens…

International Community's Review of China's High-Quality Development

The "Communiqué of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China" mentions high-quality development 10 times, particularly emphasizing that economic and social development during the "15th Five-Year Plan" period should "take the promotion of high-quality de…

Carbon Flow Tracing Considering Carbon Accounting Uncertainty on the Source Side

With the introduction of the "dual carbon" goals, carbon emission analysis of power systems has become a crucial research direction for the low-carbon transition of the power industry. Existing methods fail to consider the uncertainty of source-side carbon metering, treating the carbon emission inte…

AVASX: A GPU-accelerated High-performance Beam Dynamics Simulation Code Using Hybrid Tracking Methods for Ion Linear Accelerators

In the study of beam dynamics for high-intensity linear accelerators, 3D multi-particle simulations based on the particle-in-cell (PIC) algorithm are necessary due to numerous nonlinear effects caused by strong space charge effects. However, since such simulations require a large amount of computati…

From Correlation to Causation: Integrated Causal Inference and Precision Intervention Pathways for Construction Workers' Mental Health Risks

## Abstract **Background:** Construction workers face severe mental health challenges, with the prevalence of anxiety, depression, stress, and burnout being significantly higher than in other industries. However, existing research is mostly limited to a "problem-oriented" approach, relying excessive…

The effect of the Pro-kin balance system combined with isokinetic closed-chain training on functional recovery and knee joint biomechanics in male basketball players after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: A postprint

Objective: To investigate the application effects of the Pro-kin balance system combined with isokinetic closed-chain training on functional recovery and knee joint biomechanics in male basketball players after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Methods: A total of 588 male basketball …

Finite Element Study of the Vibrational Response of the Human Head in a Vertical Sitting Posture (Postprint)

To investigate the response characteristics of different parts of the head under whole-body vibration environments, a full-body finite element model with detailed skeletal and muscular soft tissues was developed. The first-order vertical resonance frequency and head-to-seat vibration transmissibilit…

Postprint of the Study on Lateralization of Dynamic and Static Balance in Volleyball Athletes

## Research Results and Analysis **Objective:** To analyze the biomechanical characteristics of single-leg standing and single-leg landing in the dominant and non-dominant legs of volleyball players, and to explore the differences in dynamic and static balance abilities between the dominant and non-…

Simplified Model Analysis of the Interaction Between Waves and Flexible Piezoelectric Membrane Structures (Postprint)

Piezoelectric materials can be used to harvest ocean wave energy by directly converting wave energy into electrical energy. Combining piezoelectric membranes with flexible membranes to form a submerged breakwater structure can serve as a new type of wave energy conversion device, possessing the dual…

Research on the Dispersion Characteristics of Scholte Waves Excited by Pulsed and Continuous Acoustic Sources (Postprint)

The dispersion and polarization characteristics of Scholte waves excited by sound sources in shallow water are of great significance for target detection; however, current understanding of Scholte waves excited by pulsed and continuous point sources remains insufficient. This study investigates the …

A Post-print of WCNS-AO Scheme Based on Adaptive-Order Interpolation

The Euler equations represent a typical class of nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws, the solutions of which may contain discontinuities. This characteristic makes high-order numerical schemes prone to non-physical oscillations near discontinuities when solving the Euler equations. Based on the c…

Large Eddy Simulation of Thermal Stratification in the HDR Experimental Reactor Pressure Vessel-Horizontal Pipe System Post-print

Thermal stratification is one of the primary causes of thermal fatigue failure in the piping systems of pressurized water reactors (PWRs). This study aims to investigate the transient thermal distribution characteristics of piping structures caused by thermal stratification in reactor configurations…

Analysis and Numerical Study of Stress Response of Graphite Reflectors in High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors under High Temperature and Irradiation (Postprint)

The core components of High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors (HTGRs) are primarily composed of graphite materials. Under high temperature and irradiation, the mechanical properties of graphite materials undergo changes, which ultimately affect the load-bearing capacity of the core components. Therefo…

Postprint of a 3D Meso-scale Concrete Compression Model Based on the Friction-Debonding Method

To address the challenges of high difficulty and low efficiency in traditional 3D mesoscale concrete numerical models, which hinder their application, a frictional debonding failure method for 3D models is adopted. This approach avoids the complexity of traditionally establishing physical transition…

Post-print of Simulation Study on Eccentric Compression Performance of Reinforced Concrete Columns Based on Multiscale Homogenization

Based on equivalent homogenization theory, a multi-scale simulation study was conducted to investigate the influence of mesoscopic aggregate factors on the mechanical behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) columns under eccentric compression. This was achieved by establishing both mesoscopic numerical…

Post-print of Research on the Characterization of Fiber Morphology and Its Influence on Mechanical Properties in Short Fiber Reinforced Rubber Composites

To improve the prediction accuracy of the performance of short fiber-reinforced rubber composites (SFRCs), and considering that most fibers within these composites exhibit a random wavy shape, a discretization modeling method was employed to establish a two-dimensional representative volume element …

Calculation Method for the Support Force of Full-length Prestressed Anchors Considering Shear Performance (Postprint)

To investigate the shear performance of fully grouted prestressed anchors against shear-slip bodies, a method for calculating the minimum required support resistance of a slip body is proposed based on shear-slip theory. The neutral point position and support force calculation methods for fully grou…

Axial Compression Behavior and Design of Aluminum Foam-Filled Tapered Energy Absorption Boxes

To satisfy the requirements for structural lightweighting and energy absorption, superior energy-absorbing box structures were designed and investigated. The quasi-static axial compression behavior of tapered energy-absorbing boxes filled with functionally graded aluminum foam was simulated, and a l…

Postprint: Research on the Energy Absorption Characteristics of Tapered Threaded Tubes under Oblique Loading

Thin-walled structures are widely utilized in fields such as transportation due to their advantages of light weight, low manufacturing cost, and high energy absorption efficiency. To improve the energy absorption performance of traditional straight tubes and corrugated tubes, a tapered thin-walled t…

Postprint of the Vibration of Functionally Graded Rectangular Plates with Internal Porosity in Fluid

To investigate the free vibration and dynamic response of metal/ceramic functionally graded plates with internal porosity in fluid, the fluid velocity potential function and hydrodynamic pressure were calculated based on three types of plate-fluid interaction boundary conditions. A calculation model…

Research on the Calculation Method of Time-Varying Meshing Stiffness for Micro-Textured Gears (Postprint)

Existing research has found that micro-textures help reduce friction and vibration in gear systems. To analyze the dynamic performance of micro-textured gears, their meshing stiffness is investigated. In this study, bionic tooth surface textures were designed by simulating shark skin surface texture…

Postprint of a Variational Model for Correlated Buckling of Thin-Walled I-Section Members with Nonlinear Materials

Cold-formed thin-walled members are highly susceptible to the effects of interaction between multiple instability modes. Research on the mechanical mechanisms of interaction buckling for members with different cross-sectional shapes and material types urgently needs improvement and development. An a…