Abstract
Deep-buried tunnels face coupled multi-hazard threats from high rock temperature, high-temperature water, and harmful gas outbursts, which induce thermal hazard effects including deterioration of the temperature-humidity environment within tunnels, intensified deformation and failure of surrounding rock, cascading failure of support structures, and multi-dimensional gaseous disaster chains. Traditional single cooling technologies are inadequate for addressing highly concealed and sudden thermal-water-gas disaster chain reactions, posing serious threats to construction safety and structural durability. To overcome the limitations of existing weak prevention and control systems and achieve full-chain governance of various thermal hazard effects from source blocking to post-disaster response, this study first systematically reviews the research focuses and achievements of various prevention and control measures, forming multi-dimensional disaster control technologies encompassing concrete composite modification to enhance the thermal resistance of support systems, dynamic ventilation for thermal environment regulation, high-efficiency heat resistance, surrounding rock reinforcement, and humidity-heat dynamic balance, thereby constructing a trinity collaborative prevention and control strategy of "heat source blocking-environmental regulation-structure protection". Subsequently, graded prevention and control measure recommendations are proposed for coupled disaster forms involving multiple factors including surrounding rock temperature, harmful gas concentration, rock mass classification, and humidity. Finally, future research trends for deep tunnel thermal hazard prevention and control are discussed, which should transition from passive response to active regulation, deepen intelligent regulation of thermal hazard dynamic responses through digital twin technology, and explore engineering fusion innovations combining geothermal resource recovery with low-carbon materials. The research results provide theoretical basis and technical reference for promoting the systematization and standardization of tunnel thermal hazard prevention and control systems.
Full Text
Graded Prevention and Control Measures for Thermal Disasters in Deep-Buried Tunnels
ZHANG Shishu, ZHAO Xiaoping
PowerChina Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited, Chengdu 610031
Abstract
Deep-buried tunnels face coupled threats from high rock temperatures, hot water inrushes, and harmful gas outbursts, which collectively deteriorate the tunnel's temperature-humidity environment, accelerate rock mass deformation and failure, trigger cascading support structure failures, and initiate multi-dimensional gaseous disaster chains. Conventional single cooling technologies prove inadequate for addressing the strong concealment and high suddenness of these thermal-hydraulic-gaseous chain reactions, posing severe risks to construction safety and structural durability.
To overcome the limitations of existing prevention and control systems, this study proposes a comprehensive full-chain management approach spanning from source blocking to post-disaster response. By systematically reviewing research priorities and achievements across various control measures, we have developed multi-dimensional disaster control technologies including concrete composite modification to enhance support system heat resistance, dynamic ventilation for thermal environment regulation, high-efficiency heat resistance, rock mass reinforcement, and dynamic moisture-heat balance control. These technologies form the basis for constructing a three-pronged collaborative prevention strategy integrating "heat source blocking-environmental regulation-structural protection."
Furthermore, graded prevention and control measures are proposed based on multiple factors including rock mass temperature, harmful gas concentration, rock mass classification, and humidity levels, tailored to different coupled disaster scenarios. Finally, the study discusses future research directions, emphasizing a shift from passive response to active regulation, advancing intelligent control of thermal disaster dynamic responses through digital twin technology, and exploring engineering integration innovations for geothermal resource recovery and low-carbon materials. The research findings provide a theoretical foundation and technical reference for promoting the systematization and standardization of deep-buried tunnel thermal disaster prevention and control systems.
Keywords: Tunnel Engineering; Geothermal Anomaly Zones; Prevention and Control Measures; Thermal Disasters; Cooling and Heat Insulation; Graded Prevention and Control