Due to the complex geological conditions in Guangzhou, shield tunneling frequently encounters problems such as abnormal cutter wear and poor muck discharge due to slag accumulation in the chamber. Chamber cleaning is an effective solution; however, constrained by geological conditions and surface environment factors, chamber operations entail stringent safety requirements. This paper, based on the super-large diameter slurry shield construction of the Guangzhou Haizhuwan Tunnel and combined with the engineering hydrogeological conditions, analyzes the problems and their causes encountered during construction, including parameter deterioration, crusher oil leakage, and rear grid rupture, and introduces targeted countermeasures, leading to the following conclusions: (1) When the shield machine experiences significant increases in extrusion pressure and torque accompanied by decreased advance speed during tunneling, it is determined that chamber entry is necessary to inspect cutterhead mud caking and cutter wear conditions, with suitable locations selected for chamber entry; (2) Pressurized cleaning of mud cakes and cutter replacement for the shield machine strictly follows the technical process of rear water stopping → bentonite injection → slurry membrane formation → liquid level reduction → pressure holding test → personnel chamber entry → decompression exit; (3) During chamber operations, close attention should be paid to whether the air replenishment volume in the chamber and the Samson opening degree meet requirements, whether the chamber pressure and liquid level are stable, and monitoring measurements and surface patrols should be intensified; (4) When the forward movement of the P2.1 pump suction port at the bottom of the air cushion chamber becomes unsuitable for tunneling conditions, such as frequent suction port blockages or sudden pressure drops at the P2.1 pump suction port, it is determined that the crusher needs to be utilized, requiring removal of the extended suction port and restoration of the grid; (5) After the shield machine experiences tunneling parameter deterioration and cutterhead mud caking, adopting pressurized chamber entry measures can effectively alleviate poor discharge and mud caking phenomena, thereby improving tunneling efficiency. The related research findings can provide references for similar projects in the future.