Sora: A "Disruptor" or "Innovator" in School Education?

Wang Xinmin
School of Teacher Education, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China

Abstract

The application of Sora in education presents both opportunities and challenges. On one hand, Sora can empower education to return to its fundamental mission of nurturing individuals by rectifying educational alienation, enriching personalized education, and visualizing both teaching and learning. On the other hand, Sora may undermine the systematic nature of school education, leading to mediocrity, causing educational chaos, and triggering crises within schools. Against the backdrop of artificial intelligence's comprehensive integration into education, while emphasizing Sora's innovative applications, we must also proactively mitigate its drawbacks through scientifically sound countermeasures: innovating educational philosophies, upgrading educational activities, and reshaping the educational ecosystem to promote harmonious development between AI and education.

Keywords: Sora; Generative Artificial Intelligence; School Education; Disruption; Innovation

As a "world simulator," Sora is an AI model capable of creating realistic and imaginative scenes from text instructions, generating videos up to one minute long while maintaining visual quality and adhering to user prompts[1]. Although Sora remains unavailable to general users due to unresolved technical and safety issues[1], this text-to-video technology reflects textual content with incredible precision, promising to revolutionize content creation across industries. As a new product of generative AI, Sora's application in education will have multifaceted impacts. In today's utilitarian society, school education has gradually become "alienated" in its adaptation to social development. Sora's unique real-scene simulation and efficient one-on-one human-computer interaction model will greatly enrich personalized education, fully satisfy students' individualized development needs, eliminate educational utilitarianism, and empower education to return to its fundamental mission of nurturing individuals. However, as generative AI technologies like Sora, ChatGPT, and DeepSeek become deeply integrated into education, they may also disrupt the systematic nature of education. Over-reliance on AI could cause educational chaos, violate educational principles, and lead education toward mediocrity.

I. Eliminating Utilitarianism, Empowering Education to Return to its Fundamental Mission

The utilitarian tendency in education expands and extremifies education's instrumental functions, placing instrumental rationality above value rationality and causing people's concepts and behaviors to deviate from objective educational laws while neglecting the essence of nurturing individuals[2]. While educational utilitarianism can partially satisfy social development needs, treating education merely as a tool for social development reduces school education to an appendage of the social development assembly line, with students becoming customized products for societal progress. Breaking this assembly-line talent cultivation model represents a persistent goal for the educational community. As a specialized text-to-video model, Sora's learning mode—characterized by real-scene simulation and human-computer interaction—transcends traditional school-based collective learning, further enriching personalized education, visualizing teaching and learning, fully satisfying students' individualized development needs, eliminating the "utilitarianization" phenomenon in traditional education, and driving education back to its fundamental mission of cultivating individuals.

(I) Enriching Personalized Education

Generative AI demonstrates outstanding performance in learning experiences, knowledge acquisition, resource integration, and intelligent teaching, which will dismantle the traditional uniform and procedural "knowledge transmission" model[3]. As an advanced text-to-video AI, Sora can integrate human-computer interaction, real-scene simulation, data analysis, and adaptive technologies to provide diverse personalized learning services for learners, fully mobilizing their learning interest and cultivating their autonomous learning capabilities, thereby ensuring that each learner can study in the most suitable manner and achieve truly personalized education.

Generative AI technologies collaboratively empower the transformation and upgrading of learning experiences along two logical threads: new knowledge creation and learning analytics[4]. As a transformative dynamic scene generation technology, Sora can interactively record and analyze learners' progress in real-time, providing learning content aligned with their interests, characteristics, performance, and ability levels. Interactivity constitutes Sora's core competitive advantage in education. Sora's unique dynamic video generation technology ensures precise alignment between video content and textual descriptions, enabling educators to create video learning materials that immerse learners in dynamic scenarios, stimulate their interest, and help maintain efficient learning states, thereby offering an entirely new learning experience. Compared to the passive reception of static information in traditional education, this highly interactive dynamic scene learning approach is more active and profound, transforming abstract concepts into intuitive, visual forms and allowing learners to manipulate and practice within virtual environments. Strong engagement enables learners to actively explore complex concepts, independently construct knowledge systems, develop personal insights, and cultivate independent thinking and problem-solving abilities. Sora's powerful information processing capabilities can synthesize extensive resources, tailor learning materials according to personalized needs, and continuously optimize these resources through interaction to enrich learners' experiences.

Although the educational field has continuously sought methods to accommodate each learner's individualized development within established teaching timeframes and curriculum systems, the uniform model of school education struggles to fully address learners' unique growth trajectories and needs, consistently failing to break through the bottleneck of catering to universality and averages. As a text-to-video model, Sora can evidently accommodate different learning styles—including visual, auditory, and kinesthetic[5]—while its highly intelligent human-computer interaction technology can precisely target learners' personalized learning styles, analyze and track their learning processes in real-time, and meet their specific learning needs. Educators can fully leverage this characteristic of Sora to deeply analyze personalized factors such as learners' progress, preferences, difficulties, and effectiveness, skillfully incorporating various media forms like audio and text into generated videos according to different learning styles to enhance understanding and retention, thereby improving teaching effectiveness. Furthermore, educators can combine Sora with other AI tools to analyze learning data, identify students' interests, talents, and learning styles, understand their personalized development tendencies through interaction, and dynamically adjust content and difficulty to provide truly personalized tutoring and support, achieving genuine individualized learning and facilitating greater personal growth success.

The role of AI in promoting students' active exploration, autonomous learning, and enhancing learning "returns" is undeniable[6], and Sora's unique advantages open up new development opportunities for strengthening learners' motivation and improving their learning capabilities. First, Sora enhances learners' interest and motivation. Through advanced AI algorithms and deep learning technologies, Sora can automatically generate high-quality video content featuring clear visuals, smooth animations, and appropriate sound effects and music, which not only enriches students' learning experiences but also strengthens their interest and motivation. Given games' natural appeal to students, educators can also utilize Sora to introduce a new educational model of gamified learning, creating a relaxed and enjoyable learning environment that mobilizes learners' enthusiasm. Second, Sora enhances learners' autonomous learning capabilities. Within the examination-oriented education framework, learners typically remain in a passive state of receiving knowledge, lacking active thinking and self-exploration abilities. By creating virtual learning companions, virtual scenarios, and Q&A assistants, Sora provides learners with more vivid and engaging learning environments[7], enabling them to generate personalized learning paths according to their needs. Through autonomous selection of learning content, methods, and pace, learners gradually develop autonomous learning capabilities and independent problem-solving skills. These abilities not only improve learning effectiveness but also cultivate lifelong learning capacities.

(II) Visualizing Teaching and Learning

As a text-to-video model, Sora's unique scenario simulation and interactive functions can generate immersive teaching environments according to instructions, transforming abstract knowledge points into vivid video images. It can also provide personalized instructional videos and interactive learning methods, making teaching and learning more efficient through visualization.

As a video-generative AI model, Sora can generate realistic or imaginative high-quality videos based on text prompts, demonstrating potential for simulating the physical world[1] and using revolutionary technology to create deeply immersive virtual world experiences. As VR, metaverse, and related technologies develop, blended virtual-real learning approaches are becoming normalized[8]. Integrating Sora with VR technology in teaching can easily construct immersive learning environments, visualize teaching processes, promote learners' dynamic participation and firsthand experiences, and thereby enhance the authenticity and immersion of learning. First, high-quality virtual modeling strengthens the authentic perception of teaching environments. Through high-precision text-to-video models and refined dynamic simulation capabilities, Sora can reproduce real-world physical states, enabling teaching interaction scenarios to break through traditional media limitations and construct embodied, natural cognitive contexts that activate learners' full participation. This promotes deep integration of experiential learning, embodied cognition, and multimodal learning, endowing teaching with more authentic, immersive, and natural interactive experiences. Second, high-efficiency virtual modeling supports dynamic adjustment of teaching processes. Relying on Sora's efficient virtual modeling system, any life scenario can be created and invoked, providing students with multi-sensory immersive experiences and interactive feedback[9]. Learners deepen their understanding through immediate interactive feedback, while teachers can dynamically generate visual teaching scenarios with Sora. This dual-response mechanism both satisfies individualized learning needs and provides technical support for the dynamic optimization of teaching strategies.

Integrated teaching, learning, and assessment is highly effective for improving instructional outcomes and facilitating student progress, yet practical implementation faces the real difficulty of lacking assessment tools that can provide real-time feedback to teachers and students. To address this dilemma and make the entire teaching-learning-assessment process fully visible, the key lies in selecting appropriate assessment tools. Sora integrates graphical and textual information from teaching, learning, and assessment, dynamically transforming it into comprehensive visual data maps. Through feature mining and correlation analysis of these multi-dimensional data, multi-directional relationship models can be constructed around specific teaching elements, enabling rapid data circulation among teaching, learning, and assessment to effectively support integrated implementation. By analyzing visual teaching data through Sora, dynamic learning diagnostic assessment systems can be built, thereby truly achieving integrated teaching-learning-assessment in practice.

First, Sora assists in "assessment-based standard setting" before instruction. Clear teaching objectives are the prerequisite for implementing integrated teaching-learning-assessment, directly determining whether subsequent teaching and learning evaluations can proceed smoothly. Since these objectives should be based on learners' fundamental conditions, diagnostic assessments must be used to understand learners' developmental levels. Sora can comprehensively, dynamically, and holistically display student development data in real-time across all dimensions[10], enabling teachers to fully understand students' current learning status by combining these data with daily observations, and thereby design targeted teaching objectives to achieve teaching based on learning. Second, Sora facilitates "assessment-promoted teaching" during instruction. The implementation of integrated teaching-learning-assessment is typically dynamic, making process-based assessment particularly crucial. This integration substantially raises requirements for teachers, demanding they provide higher-quality, more appropriate instructional delivery to ensure consistency among teaching, learning, and assessment and effective goal attainment. Teachers can utilize Sora and other AI technologies to arrange intelligent assessment tasks at appropriate times, obtaining dynamic visualizations of overall teaching conditions and individual development to timely adjust teaching strategies and achieve precision teaching. Third, Sora supports "assessment-assisted learning" after instruction. Since students' completion of learning objectives is not fully synchronized during the teaching process, integrated teaching-learning-assessment must also be emphasized after instruction ends to provide differentiated tutoring. Teachers can use Sora to provide real-scene-based relearning and training according to actual circumstances, helping students consolidate knowledge. Simultaneously, teachers can conduct visualized simulation analysis of learners' outcomes through Sora, assign tiered tasks, and provide targeted personalized follow-up tutoring, achieving "visualized assessment with tailored teaching" and promoting integrated implementation. Naturally, using Sora as a tool for integrated teaching-learning-assessment requires implementation within smart classroom environments[11].

Sora's scenario modeling technology can restore teaching practice fields through visualization, empowering immersive teacher training activities and multidimensional analysis of educational research processes, thereby supporting improvements in teachers' practical teaching abilities and research levels. First, Sora supports the enhancement of teachers' practical teaching capabilities. With powerful multimodal text generation and intelligent parsing technologies, teachers can leverage this intelligent support to improve their abilities in diverse teaching contexts. As a powerful new-generation generative AI model, Sora constructs a sustainable, updatable visual dynamic knowledge resource base for teachers. Through intelligent interaction with Sora, teachers can achieve instant knowledge retrieval and pedagogical transformation, which not only enriches content presentation methods but also integrates new disciplinary developments in a timely manner, making teaching more aligned with contemporary needs. Addressing teachers' challenges in curriculum development, such as tool operation difficulties and insufficient time, Sora can automate routine tasks including lesson preparation, resource creation, learning feedback, and homework grading, optimizing efficiency in foundational work and allowing teachers to focus more on innovative teaching methods and professional capacity enhancement. Second, Sora supports innovation in educational research. Leveraging its unique intelligent advantages, Sora breaks through limitations of human thinking patterns, creating a new digital space for educational research. Traditional educational research methods typically require step-by-step deduction from basic elements, making it difficult to break through fundamental cognitive frameworks. Sora simplifies educational research processes through dynamic scene restoration and theoretical visualization deduction technologies, building a verification bridge between theory and practice. This not only helps teachers comprehensively analyze teaching problems but also transforms abstract educational theories into concrete cases, forming an effective channel for verifying improvement solutions.

(III) Dissolving Educational "Alienation"

Educational alienation is a new problem accompanying the rapid development of education and educational reforms, causing educational activities to continuously deviate from educational purposes and become "alienated"[12]. However, Sora's development also brings new opportunities for solving this problem. As an advanced large-scale text-to-video model, Sora can customize personalized learning plans and content according to learners' interests, needs, and abilities, and enhance learners' capabilities in various aspects through interactive learning experiences. This enables education to progress hand-in-hand with learners' personalized learning, provides support for learners' lifelong development, and fully implements the "human-centered" educational philosophy.

As a large-scale text-to-video model supported by other big data models and referencing relevant models, Sora gradually forms assessment results regarding learners' interests, foundations, and potential[13] and presents them intuitively to students, enabling learners to understand themselves more clearly. On this basis, educators can combine Sora with other tools to analyze learning data such as different learners' preferences and proficiency levels, making judgments about students' learning themes, behaviors, and styles, and predicting various situations that may arise during learning, thereby providing learners with more comprehensive and suitable personalized learning services. Simultaneously, Sora can tailor the most appropriate learning plans for learners by analyzing their specific needs, learning styles, interest preferences, and current ability levels, while tracking learning records throughout the process, exploring learning habits and patterns, and continuously adjusting and optimizing learning plans to create comprehensive, multi-level learning schemes for learners. The intuitive learning plans provided by Sora enable every student to find suitable development paths and offer them more opportunities for success. This customization of personalized learning paths according to learners' characteristics facilitates individual development and fully realizes education's value for individual growth. Sora's application in education reshapes education into a visualized, efficient, and concise "smart pathway" that accompanies learners throughout their lifelong development.

Sora's fundamental function is generating detailed, realistic, and imaginative dynamic scenes from text instructions[1], demonstrating its powerful capabilities for world understanding, simulation construction, imagination, and creativity. Educators can utilize Sora to generate different scenarios, cultivating learners' abilities to solve complex problems using interdisciplinary perspectives, multi-domain integrated thinking, and diverse knowledge and skills. Sora can not only assist learners in information searching and data analysis but also intuitively present vast information resources through video simulation, effectively reducing the time and energy learners expend on trivial tasks like data collection and analysis. This allows learners to focus more on deeper learning, critical thinking, and stimulating innovative thinking, thereby enhancing their ability to solve practical problems. Additionally, Sora's real-scene simulation function can cultivate learners' practical operational abilities by presenting specific operational processes through video, creating vivid mental images that help learners better understand theoretical knowledge of practical operations and enabling them to handle real operations with ease. This function of Sora can not only flexibly respond to learners' instructions to meet their immediate needs but also pre-list items in their learning plans according to their requirements, cultivating various abilities based on learners' actual proficiency levels. Therefore, Sora can fully develop students' problem-solving abilities and realize education's value for personal application.

In today's globalized context, cultivating talents with international perspectives who can adapt to social development represents one of education's important missions. Facing various complex challenges and issues in human society, each individual must stand firmly in the present while looking toward the future, striving to adapt to and promote social development from the perspective of harmonious coexistence between people, society, and nature. Sora's dynamic simulation scenarios can help learners understand social changes and needs immersively, and through real-time data injection, synchronize scenario changes with the real world. Whether technological development, lifestyle transformations, or dynamics in economic and political aspects, all can be displayed in simulation scenarios, undoubtedly helping learners better understand social operational mechanisms and preparing them for future social adaptation. Additionally, Sora's dynamic simulation scenarios feature high interactivity. Learners can play different roles, experience various life and work scenarios, and interact with virtual characters. This not only enhances learners' interest and participation but also enables them to continuously experiment and explore in practice, gradually cultivating practical abilities and qualities for social adaptation. Furthermore, Sora can create authentic language learning environments, provide extensive intuitive materials, and offer internationalized curricula through scenario simulation, equipping learners with cross-cultural communication and cooperation abilities, global awareness, and social responsibility to adapt to changing social environments.

II. Disrupting Systematic Education, Leading to Mediocrity

With its powerful text-to-video technology, Sora opens new pathways for educational development. While this appears to be significant progress, over-reliance on algorithmic recommendations and intelligent matching may weaken traditional education's authority, lead to knowledge monopolies, and affect overall educational quality and direction. More seriously, if education becomes overly dependent on AI technologies like Sora, it may cause mental imprisonment, leading education toward mediocrity. In this scenario, students may become "robots" that merely receive information, lacking independent thinking and creativity, which undoubtedly runs counter to education's original purpose and goals.

(I) Knowledge Monopoly, Mental Imprisonment, and Educational Mediocrity

In today's era of information explosion, we enjoy unprecedented knowledge resources while simultaneously facing severe challenges of knowledge monopoly and mental imprisonment. Sora's generated educational content consists of videos produced through a series of programs from established databases, leading to content homogenization. When learners can only obtain screened and packaged knowledge from limited channels, their vision and thinking become easily constrained, making it difficult to form comprehensive and profound understanding. Over time, learners' thinking becomes imprisoned, limiting their independent thinking and innovative capabilities. When knowledge monopoly and mental imprisonment interact, they collectively create a breeding ground for educational mediocrity.

In traditional knowledge teaching processes, educators access and master knowledge texts before learners, gradually establishing a stable monopoly over knowledge resource allocation[14]. Conversely, Sora enters the learning domain through learner-adaptive approaches, forming knowledge discourse power by enabling learners' autonomous learning to reject the knowledge system constructed by the educational system[15]. Through intelligent recommendation algorithms and dynamic learning path adjustment mechanisms, Sora constructs a knowledge network centered on learners' cognitive trajectories. While this decentralized technical paradigm grants learners stronger cognitive agency, it also reconstructs the power structure of knowledge production and dissemination, forming a gradual deconstruction of school education's knowledge authority system. First, it reduces knowledge's value attributes. Sora's text-to-video technology promotes three-dimensional knowledge system connectivity, allowing learners to effortlessly obtain vast amounts of knowledge. When massive learning resources can be instantly generated and ubiquitously disseminated, knowledge ceases to be a precious resource, and the knowledge value evaluation standards dominated by schools in traditional education will be weakened. Second, it dismantles school education's knowledge authority. By integrating massive knowledge data accumulated over millennia, Sora establishes a knowledge base larger than school curriculum systems, continuously breaking through the boundaries of school education knowledge and shaking the long-maintained knowledge authority of traditional schooling. Third, it changes knowledge representation forms. Sora's text-to-video technology can transform abstract knowledge into more vivid visual formats. While this transformation enhances knowledge transmission efficiency, it also brings new challenges. Knowledge creation is based on learners' understanding and accumulation of knowledge[16]. When dynamic videos gradually replace textual interpretation as the primary learning medium, although they can help students understand complex concepts more intuitively, they may reduce opportunities for students to engage in abstract thinking using language and text, undoubtedly weakening students' logical thinking and expressive abilities. Since one of school education's functions is to transmit cultural knowledge and cultivate students' multifaceted abilities, Sora's monopoly over knowledge will inevitably lead education toward mediocrity.

Sora's efficient video generation characteristics will inevitably make it a preferred tool for learners to complete academic tasks, allowing them to quickly generate visual learning outcomes that meet academic requirements. While Sora can help learners improve learning efficiency in the short term, long-term reliance on tools to complete learning tasks can easily create mental inertia, causing learners to develop spiritual and behavioral dependence on intelligent tools and gradually degrading their independent thinking abilities, reflective consciousness, and innovative thinking. First, it dulls learners' independent thinking capabilities. Sora's powerful functions can provide comprehensive learning support, allowing learners to easily acquire knowledge without excessive thinking and become accustomed to this video-based learning style without deeply questioning problems themselves, fostering mental laziness and losing independent thinking abilities. Second, it restricts learners' reflective capacities. Learning is a reflective process, and reflection, as a state of human existence, is something humans should possess and constantly maintain[17]. To cater to learners' preferences, Sora's adaptive learning system may narrow the learning scope, easily trapping learners in their comfort zones and lacking deep thinking and reflection about learning. Over time, learners may become accustomed to receiving "feeding" from Sora, and the uniquely human reflective capacity will ultimately be imprisoned by AI's convenience. Third, it stifles learners' innovative thinking. The logical foundation of innovative thinking is non-linear, infinite, divergent, active, and irregular[18]. If learners only mechanically accept limited content generated by technology through single pathways without participating in thinking processes, they will develop shallow cognitive dependencies, lose mental vitality, and ultimately suffer serious negative impacts on their innovative thinking. Innovation is the inexhaustible driving force leading social development, and education is significant for innovation. Good education should fully exert its power to cultivate innovation, but if education becomes alienated under AI's coercion, it will inevitably lead to educational inefficiency.

(II) Disguised Errors, Value Deviation, and Educational Chaos

As an advanced text-to-video model, Sora's generated videos achieve unprecedented heights in image quality and detail realism. However, technical limitations are inevitable issues for AI, and Sora may also produce disguised errors and value deviations when generating videos[19]. If Sora is used to generate misleading video content, these videos may confuse audiences and mislead learners' understanding of objective facts. Beyond disguised errors, Sora may also face value deviation issues. Videos generated by Sora with value deviations will inevitably impact students' values.

The risk of information distortion or misleading content in Sora's generated videos is a problem that cannot be ignored. Since Sora is trained based on deep learning and big data, its output results depend heavily on the accuracy and diversity of training data. If errors or biases exist in training data, Sora will likely reflect these issues in generated video content. For example, if a knowledge point in training data is inaccurately described or misleading, Sora-generated video content will also contain these erroneous messages, thereby misleading students. Additionally, if sample selection in training data is unbalanced or biased, Sora-generated video content may also carry certain subjectivities and tendencies. Such biases may negatively affect students' knowledge understanding and cognition, potentially exacerbating societal biases and inequalities. Therefore, when using technologies like Sora to generate video content, it is necessary to ensure training data accuracy and diversity, avoiding errors and biases as much as possible. Simultaneously, video content review and supervision should be strengthened to ensure students receive accurate, objective, and comprehensive knowledge information. Only in this way can the advantages of technologies like Sora in education be fully realized, providing students with better learning experiences and development opportunities.

Both Sora and other AI tools rely on data analysis technologies to generate content. However, datasets have deficiencies in diversity, representativeness, and fairness, leading to problems such as biases, "viewpoint hegemony," stereotypes, and value one-sidedness[20]. These issues often manifest in Sora-generated video content, subtly influencing learners' thoughts and values, which will inevitably reduce education's nurturing function over time. First, value concept alienation and Western value infiltration occur. Characterized by interactivity, Sora provides learners with realistic scenario interactions that satisfy their various requirements, but this undoubtedly blurs the boundary between reality and virtuality. Producers' value biases and political tendencies also permeate Sora-generated videos, with erroneous values hidden within seemingly reasonable content. When students repeatedly watch Sora-generated videos, they will subtly internalize these values, ultimately losing their ability to discern correct cultural values and making incorrect value judgments and choices. Second, "information cocoons" cause cognitive narrowing and value polarization, weakening education's nurturing function. Objective rational cognition is the logical starting point for mainstream ideology identification. In traditional ideology communication structures, broad-coverage indoctrination dominated. Sora generates videos according to learners' interest preferences and needs, but generated content is limited to learners' existing cognition, posing a risk of "rational cognition deprivation." On one hand, "information cocoons" cause cognition to become narrow and biased. Sora's immersive scenarios unconsciously separate people from diverse, three-dimensional, and efficient information and authoritative viewpoints, causing individuals to be wrapped in information spaces created by identical value biases and trapped in homogeneous information. On the other hand, "customized" content contains hidden value traps. In Sora's customized videos, everyone becomes their own discourse center, self-producing, disseminating, and selecting information. Learners in such long-term learning environments will inevitably develop rigid thinking, fall into value confusion, weaken education's nurturing function, affect individuals' rational understanding of mainstream ideology, and constrain the cohesion of socialist core values.

(III) Mixed Virtual-Real Educational Scenarios, Adaptive Learning, and School Crisis

Although Sora brings convenience and efficiency to education, it may also introduce a series of challenges, particularly regarding the "virtualization" and "dehumanization" of learning scenarios. First, in virtualized teaching environments, students may lose opportunities for face-to-face communication with real teachers and classmates. Such authentic interaction is an indispensable part of education because it helps students build interpersonal relationships, improve social skills, and receive emotional support and feedback. However, when teaching relies entirely on virtual videos, students may feel lonely and isolated, negatively affecting their emotional development. Simultaneously, over-reliance on virtual teaching tools like Sora may also weaken students' critical thinking and independent thinking abilities. Second, while these tools can provide vast amounts of information and knowledge, they often present it in preset ways, lacking the interaction and discussion found in real classrooms. This may cause students to become accustomed to passively receiving information rather than actively thinking and exploring. Therefore, when applying technologies like Sora in education, vigilance is required to ensure they do not become the sole means of knowledge transmission. Instead, teachers and students should be encouraged to use these tools to enhance teaching effectiveness rather than completely replacing traditional face-to-face instruction. Additionally, greater attention must be paid to students' social and emotional development to ensure they receive adequate support and assistance during learning.

In recent years, AI technology has continuously undergone deep cross-integration with learning sciences, educational sciences, cognitive psychology, and neuroscience, powerfully advancing adaptive learning research and producing various intelligent adaptive learning systems[21]. As a new breakthrough in AI, Sora inevitably possesses strong adaptability, but blindly applying this technology in school education may instead produce counterproductive effects. First, adaptive learning will dismantle the school education system. School education is a purposeful, planned, and systematic social activity for cultivating individuals. Consequently, its predetermined nature and purposefulness create certain conflicts with flexible adaptive learning. Sora generates learning content based on learners' interests, needs, and abilities, and formulates learning paths and plans according to analyzed data information. Although this personalized content and planning can partially satisfy students' individualized development, they significantly deviate from the educational purposes and content predetermined by school education, which will inevitably lead to the dismantling of the school education system over time. Second, school education may fall into technological worship. Sora can transform multi-dimensional data such as classroom interactions and learning behaviors into visualizations that present key teaching information. While this technology optimizes teaching processes, it also implies a trend of instrumental rationality eroding education's essence. When systems increasingly replace teachers in instruction and students rely on algorithms for learning, teachers will gradually degenerate their educational capabilities, and learners will gradually lose independent learning abilities. Ultimately, the subjectivity of both learners and teachers as the main agents of school education will cease to exist, and school education will become a "puppet" of artificial intelligence.

III. Rational Utilization of Sora to Promote Educational Reform

Sora's unique text-to-video technology not only redefines the representation of educational content but also greatly optimizes the allocation structure of educational resources, opening new development pathways for the field of teaching and learning. However, facing the crises brought by the integration of Sora and the education system, coordinated advancement is needed in three areas: innovating educational philosophies and upgrading educational activities, to promote continuous improvement of education under human-machine collaboration models. This will enable the education system to maintain its core nurturing functions while adapting to new challenges brought by technological transformation.

(I) Innovating Educational Philosophy

Nurturing human subjectivity spirit and developing human subjectivity consciousness constitute education's intrinsic purpose[22]. Against the backdrop of AI-empowered education, we should externalize what can be externalized, delegate to machines what can be delegated, and return to nature what can be returned, achieving dynamic integration between human essence and natural essence[23]. We must both utilize intelligent tools to improve teaching efficiency and ensure that digital transformation in education always serves human development. As the latest product of generative AI, Sora's text-to-video capabilities will inevitably affect the nurturing essence of traditional education when applied to the educational field. Therefore, schools should actively adapt to new educational transformations and explore new educational methods. First, schools should transform teaching models to advance education into the intelligent era. Sora's powerful text-to-video functions are reshaping the innovative landscape of future education, with its multimodal technical characteristics providing new practical fields for educational innovation. School education should teach learners correct methods for using AI-assisted learning, promote the development of critical thinking, and cultivate learners' abilities to solve practical problems in human-machine collaboration models. Through cyclical training of "learning tools—practical application—reflective improvement," students can maintain independent thinking when using AI for learning, develop capabilities for future development, and gain strong competitiveness in the AI era. Simultaneously, school education needs to construct an adaptive learning-centered educational model, and teachers should recognize trends in intelligent social and industrial transformation, building human-machine collaborative education models to help students achieve dynamic balance between AI tool empowerment and autonomous cognitive development. Second, school education must steadfastly uphold the core value of "nurturing-based education," placing nurturing and technological empowerment within a dialectically unified development framework. Schools should use Sora's dynamic imaging technology to create and provide various immersive teaching activities, enabling learners to understand and apply abstract knowledge through firsthand participation and cultivating diverse thinking abilities through Sora-generated virtual practice scenarios. Meanwhile, schools must consistently aim for holistic human development, promoting learners' cognitive, technological mastery, and humanistic literacy development to achieve organic unity between intelligent tool efficiency and humanistic educational values.

The advancement of Sora's text-to-video technology brings opportunities for students' personalized learning. Sora's greatest value in education lies in promoting students' comprehensive and personalized development, enabling them to learn happily and grow healthily[24]. Realizing this educational value requires not only aligning educational processes with educational purposes but also considering the realization of educational effects during these processes. First, promote the transformation from educational value to learning value, enhancing learners' subjectivity in learning. Sora's contextual, interactive, and adaptive characteristics can greatly stimulate students' learning interest, further enrich learners' personalized learning forms, and provide support for whole-process personalized learning, thereby effectively achieving educational equity. Educators should integrate human teachers' unique advantages, deeply excavate Sora's nurturing functions, and introduce quantified learning concepts in specific teaching. By quantitatively modeling various elements related to learners and constructing dynamic learner profiles with multi-level structures, sequential characteristics, and full spatiotemporal coverage, educators can accurately extract key learning features and strengthen learners' subjectivity during learning processes. Second, construct learners' learning spaces to implement the "human-centered" educational view. The learning environment constructed by Sora generates resource content according to students' needs, emphasizing students' learning subjectivity and driving education toward personalization, precision, and intelligence. Educators can use Sora to generate interactive learning spaces, continuously extending traditional teaching environments into cyberspace during teaching processes and constructing new virtual-real integrated teaching environments. In Sora-constructed learning spaces, learners' cognitive levels, learning styles, and learning trajectories can be fully recorded and analyzed, providing support for designing personalized learning paths and effectively safeguarding students' principal status.

(II) Upgrading Educational Activities

The video content generated by Sora's powerful text-to-video functions approaches the real world infinitely, potentially causing widespread audio-visual confusion. Sora's application in education will also bring a series of challenges to school education. Current mainstream critical thinking theoretical frameworks may struggle to effectively address the new cognitive dilemma of distinguishing truth from falsehood brought by Sora's highly realistic videos, posing threats to human intellectual development and survival, thus requiring learners to develop screening and critical consciousness[25] when facing the rapid development of emerging technologies. Therefore, establishing integrated teaching-research critical thinking education becomes particularly important. Educators must have a higher-level holistic grasp of reality[26] and should stimulate learners to maintain critical thinking and judgment while guiding them to use Sora reasonably for learning. This process requires educators to treat critical thinking as one of the core competencies, permeating it throughout the educational process and guiding students to use Sora correctly for learning. More importantly, teachers themselves should enhance their abilities and awareness in cultivating critical thinking, master the latest teaching concepts and methods, effectively guide students in critical thinking while using Sora for teaching, and become guides and partners on students' critical thinking development paths. In summary, cultivating critical thinking in the context of Sora and related AI applications is a systematic project requiring multi-dimensional approaches to jointly promote profound transformation of the education system, thereby nurturing future societal pillars who can adapt to the new AI era with independent thinking, courage to explore, and innovation capabilities.

In the intelligent era, people's dependence on AI continues to deepen, but excessive indulgence in human-computer interaction and virtual environments while neglecting real-world interpersonal communication and emotional connections can easily lead individuals into self-imposed isolation and loneliness, seriously weakening their ability to obtain and experience happiness. Therefore, educators should utilize Sora and other AI technologies to cultivate learners' multifaceted life capabilities while meeting individual development needs, helping them better pursue a good life. First, cultivate individuals' life abilities. The value of life abilities taught by education lies in guiding learners to master resources necessary for social collaboration and happiness pursuit[26]. Although Sora's virtual-real integrated educational scenarios can provide learners with more vivid learning to a certain extent, the individuals education aims to cultivate must ultimately live in real social environments. Such virtual-real integrated educational scenarios will inevitably affect students' excessive dependence on technology and weaken their perception of real life over time. In this context, educators should emphasize cultivating learners' life abilities in authentic environments, helping them master various skills and attitudes for independently coping with daily life, making them more independent, confident, and responsible individuals. Second, cultivate students' emotional capacities. Videos generated by Sora according to instructions may include simulated emotional expressions, such as simulating sounds and expressions of joy, anger, sorrow, and happiness through voice and image synthesis technologies. However, such expressions lack authentic emotional experiences and internal motivations, being merely programmatic outputs. Emotions are not simple emotional reactions; they also contain profound cognitive, evaluative, and motivational components. When facing different situations, humans interpret and respond based on their own experiences, values, and expectations, a process full of subjectivity and complexity. While learners can achieve sufficient rational development through Sora-assisted learning, the cultivation of emotional capacities requires greater school attention. To address potential negative effects of widespread AI application, school education should actively guide students to develop compassionate feelings, expand global perspectives, proactively explore life's meaning, and strive to achieve organic unity between the purposefulness and value of personal development.

With the rapid development of AI technology, we are currently in the midst of a profound technological revolution. This revolution has not only changed people's production and lifestyles but also posed new challenges to the education system. To equip students with capabilities for survival and development in future society and to enable them to better apply AI technologies like Sora in learning processes, AI education must be incorporated into the education system to help learners correctly understand AI's "instrumental nature"[27]. First, integrate AI education into the curriculum system. Incorporate foundational AI knowledge into the curriculum system from primary to high school, ensuring students have basic understanding from an early age. Utilize Sora's text-to-video technology to simulate AI application scenarios, allowing students to explore and practice in safe environments and learn and apply AI technologies while solving specific problems. Second, cultivate AI ethics awareness. Integrate ethics education into AI education, guiding students to correctly understand and address ethical challenges brought by AI, preventing over-dependence on technology and loss of independent thinking abilities. More importantly, cultivate students' social responsibility and humanistic care, ensuring they can respect others, protect privacy, and maintain social justice when using AI technologies. Implementing AI education and promoting harmonious coexistence between individuals and AI requires joint efforts and continuous investment from all of society. By integrating into curriculum systems and cultivating ethics awareness, we can lay a solid foundation for cultivating future talents with AI literacy.

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